2014-2018年春节期间北京交通站PM2.5及NO2污染特征分析

doi:10.13471/j.cnki.acta.snus.2020.01.007

中山大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 50-63.doi: 10.13471/j.cnki.acta.snus.2020.01.007

2014-2018年春节期间北京交通站PM2.5及NO₂污染特征分析

罗银萍^1,2,3，陈同^1,2,3，丁卉^1,2,3，陈进财^1,2,3，刘永红^1,2,3，屈新明⁴

1.中山大学智能工程学院，广东广州 510006；
2. 广东省交通环境智能监测与治理工程技术研究中心，广东广州 510275；
3.广东省智能交通系统重点实验室，广东广州 510275；
4.深圳市城市交通规划设计研究中心股份有限公司，广东深圳 518021

收稿日期:2019-01-04 出版日期:2020-01-25 发布日期:2020-02-28
通讯作者: 刘永红（1977年生），女；研究方向：交通环境大数据及尾气污染控制研究；E-mail：liu_its@163.com

Characteristics analysis of PM2.5 and NO₂ pollution at Beijing traffic stations during the Spring Festival from 2014 to 2018#br#
#br#

LUO Yinping^1,2,3, CHEN Tong^1,2,3, DING Hui^1,2,3,CHEN Jincai^1,2,3, LIU Yonghong^1,2,3, QU Xinming⁴

1.School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006;
2.Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Traffic Environmental Monitoring and Control, Guangzhou 510275;
3.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transport System, Guangzhou 510275;
4.Shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Center, Shenzhen 518021

Received:2019-01-04 Online:2020-01-25 Published:2020-02-28
Contact: 刘永红（1977年生），女；研究方向：交通环境大数据及尾气污染控制研究；E-mail：liu_its@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用2014-2018年北京市春节前后交通污染监测站的PM2.5和NO₂浓度数据，采用浓度特征对比、PM2.5/CO比值等方法，初步评估春节期间烟花禁燃措施和机动车减排的效果，探讨烟花燃放及气象条件对空气质量的影响。结果表明：PM2.5和NO₂浓度变化特征不同，春节期间PM2.5平均浓度为103.6 μg/m³，高于非春节期间25.3%；而NO₂平均浓度为53.8 μg/m³，低于非春节期间19.5%，主要受到机动车减排的影响。2014年春节期间PM2.5浓度最低，2015-2018年PM2.5浓度呈逐年下降趋势；NO₂浓度无明显年际变化特征。烟花爆竹燃放对PM2.5浓度影响显著，对NO₂浓度影响较小，除夕期间对PM2.5浓度的最大贡献值达283.4~704.1 μg/m³。2018年北京市五环内禁燃烟花措施对交通站PM2.5污染改善明显，PM2.5浓度较前4年均值下降25.2%，NO₂浓度仅下降24%；禁燃对燃放高峰期PM2.5浓度有明显削峰作用，无有利扩散气象条件下，除夕期间烟花燃放对PM2.5浓度的最大贡献值仍较前4年下降45.0%。气象条件对春节期间PM2.5浓度变化的影响作用较NO₂显著，有利扩散气象条件是2014年春节期间PM2.5污染较非春节期间明显改善的主要原因。

关键词: 春节期间, 交通站, 污染物, 烟花爆竹, 气象条件

Abstract: Based on hourly observation data of PM2.5 and NO₂ concentrations at Beijing traffic stations during the Spring Festival from 2014 to 2018, the effects of vehicle emission reduction and fireworks forbidden and the impacts of emissions from fireworks and meteorological conditions on air quality were analyzed by comparing concentration characteristics and ratio of PM2.5 to CO The results showed that characteristics of PM2.5 and NO₂ concentrations were different during the Spring Festival. The average PM2.5 concentrations from 2014-2018 were 103.6 μg/m³ and 25.3% higher than those before and after the Spring Festival. Significantly affected by vehicle emission reduction at traffic stations, the NO₂ concentration was 53.8 μg/m³ and 19.5% lower than those before and after the Spring Festival. The concentrations of PM2.5 during the Spring Festival was lowest in 2014, and decreased year by year from 2015-2018. The burning of fireworks had relatively greater impacts on PM2.5 than NO₂ During the New Years Eve, the maximum contribution of hourly PM2.5 concentration from burning fireworks was 283.4-704.1 μg/m³ Compared with the average of the previous four years, the concentrations of PM2.5 decreased by 25.2% and NO₂ reduced by only 2.4%, which implied PM2.5 pollution was improved significantly by the measures of banning fireworks within the Fifth Ring Road in 2018. Under the meteorological conditions unfavorable to atmospheric diffusion, the maximum contribution of PM2.5 concentration during the New Year’s Eve was still 45.0% lower than that of the previous four years, indicating great reduction effect of fireworks prohibition measures. The effect of meteorological conditions on the PM2.5 during the Spring Festival was more significant than those of NO₂. The meteorological condition favorable for atmospheric diffusion was the main reason for the great improvement of PM2.5 pollution in 2014.

Key words: Spring Festival period, traffic stations, pollutants, fireworks, meteorological condition

中图分类号:

罗银萍, 陈同, 丁卉, 陈进财, 刘永红, 屈新明. 2014-2018年春节期间北京交通站PM2.5及NO₂污染特征分析[J]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 59(1): 50-63.

LUO Yinping, CHEN Tong, DING Hui, CHEN Jincai, LIU Yonghong, QU Xinming. Characteristics analysis of PM2.5 and NO₂ pollution at Beijing traffic stations during the Spring Festival from 2014 to 2018#br#

#br#

[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2020, 59(1): 50-63.

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2014-2018年春节期间北京交通站PM2.5及NO₂污染特征分析

Characteristics analysis of PM2.5 and NO₂ pollution at Beijing traffic stations during the Spring Festival from 2014 to 2018#br#
#br#

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